First Aid
Information


Bleeding:
  1. For severe wounds, call for emergency help.
  2. Cover wound with cleanest cloth available and PRESS firmly.
  3. Elevate bleeding arm or leg unless you suspect a fracture.
  4. Add cloths on top of first cloth as needed.
  5. Maintain direct pressure and elevation until help arrives.



Burns:
  1. Stop the burning.
  2. Call for emergency aid if burn is severe.
  3. If not breathing, begin rescue breathing.
  4. If no circulation, begin chest compressions if trained or guided in CPR.
  5. Remove clothing if not stuck.
  6. Immerse area in cold water only if there is no blistering or broken skin.
  7. Cover burn with cleanest cloth available.
  8. Keep victim lying flat and lightly covered.

Car Accident:
  1. If in a car, pull off road and turn on flashers.
  2. First attend to victims who are not breathing or who are bleeding.
  3. Ask someone to call for emergency assistance.
  4. Turn off ignition of wrecked car and warn bystanders of danger from fire.
  5. Don’t move victim(s) unless in danger from traffic.


Chest Pain:
  1. Call for emergency help.
  2. If not breathing, begin rescue breathing.
  3. If no circulation, begin chest compressions if trained or guided in CPR.
  4. If conscious, help victim to comfortable position with head raised.
  5. Loosen tight clothing.
  6. If under medical care, help victim with prescribed medication


Choking:
  1. Have someone call 911.
  2. Begin Heimlich maneuver:
  3. Stand behind victim and wrap your arms around waist.
  4. Put your fist (thumb toward stomach) against abdomen above navel and below rib cage,
    and grasp fist with other hand.
  5. PRESS into abdomen with a quick upward thrust.
  6. Repeat thrusts until object is dislodged


Convulsions:
  1. Catch victim if falling.
  2. Clear a space and place a pillow under head.
  3. Don’t put anything in mouth or try to stop jerking movement.
  4. Loosen tight clothing.
  5. Stay with victim.
  6. Get someone to call for emergency help if you need to restore breathing, another
    convulsion occurs or if victim is pregnant.



Drowning
  1. Get victim out of water.
  2. Place on hard surface with head and neck supported.
  3. If not breathing, begin rescue breathing.
  4. If no circulation, begin chest compressions if trained or guided in CPR.
  5. Call for emergency help.
  6. Elevate feet unless you suspect a fracture.
  7. Cover with a blanket to prevent shock.
  8. Do not give food or drink.


Drug Overdose:
  1. Remove victim from any dangerous situation.
  2. Call for emergency help.
  3. If not breathing, begin rescue breathing.
  4. If no circulation, begin chest compressions if trained or guided in CPR.
  5. Try to find out what drug was taken.
  6. Collect pill bottles, urine and vomit to submit to hospital.


Electric Shock
  1. Disconnect power source.
  2. Call for emergency help.
  3. If not breathing, begin rescue breathing.
  4. If no circulation, begin chest compressions if trained or being guided in CPR.
  5. Cover burns with clean, dry dressing.


Eye Injury:
  1. Encourage victim to tear up but not to rub eye.
  2. If object is loose, it may dislodge itself.
  3. If object is embedded, cover both eyes with gauze pad and get immediate assistance.
  4. For a chemical burn, quickly flush eye with water for a least 15 minutes.
  5. Cover both eyes with clean dressing and get immediate help.



Fall:
  1. Tell victim not to move head or neck.
  2. Call 911.
  3. If not breathing, begin rescue breathing.
  4. If no circulation, begin chest compressions if trained or being guided in CPR.
  5. Stop any bleeding.
  6. If you suspect a broken bone, make a splint by placing rolled-up newspaper or other firm
    objects on each side of the fracture and secure with 2”-wide cloth strips.
  7. If possible, do not move victim


Poisoning:
  1. If victim has serious symptoms or has collapsed, call 911.
  2. If victim is conscious, try to find out what was swallowed.
  3. Call poison controls center and tell what was taken, how much, when, the victim’s status
    and your nearest hospital.
  4. Follow direction.
  5. Collect poison’s container, victim’s vomit and urine.


Shock:
  1. Lay victim on back with feet higher than head, unless you suspect head or back injuries.
  2. Check for breathing difficulties.
  3. Get someone to call for emergency help.
  4. Apply direct pressure and elevation to stop persistent bleeding.
  5. Loosen tight clothing and cover victim.
  6. Offer reassurance and stay calm.


Stomach Pain:
  1. Have victim lay in comfortable position.
  2. Take temperature.
  3. Give nothing to eat or drink.
  4. If vomiting, turn head to side.
  5. If pain is persistent or severe, and/or accompanied by fever, seek medical
    attention.







Stopped Breathing:
  1. In any emergency, your first priority is to restore breathing. There is no time
    to wait for help.
  2. Tap the victim and shout, “Are you OK?” If no response, yell for someone to
    phone for help, usually 911. If you are alone and the victim is age 8 or older,
    call 911 before proceeding to ABC’s
  3. A is for AIRWAY, OPEN AIRWAY. Place the heel of your hand on the victim’s
    forehead. With your other hand, lift the victim’s chin with your fingers. Tilt the
    victim’s head back (unless you suspect head or spinal injury). Check for
    normal breathing for 3 – 5 seconds. If none…..
  4. B is for BREATHING. Give 2 full, slow breaths.
  5. C is for CIRCULATION. Check for signs of circulation: normal breathing,
    coughing, or movement, or check pulse if you have been trained how to do
    so. If there is circulation. Perform rescue breathing: 1 breath every 3 seconds
    (20 breaths a minute) for children up to age 8; 1 breath every 5 seconds (12
    breaths a minute) for victims age 8 or older. If there is no circulation, begin
    chest compressions if you are trained in CPR or if an emergency dispatcher
    is guiding you. Continue until help arrives.



Unconsciousness:
  1. If faint, lay victim down with feet elevated, or bend over with head at knee
    level.
  2. If unconscious, call 911.
  3. If not breathing, begin rescue breathing.
  4. If no circulation, begin chest compressions if trained or being guided in CPR.